OCR與Voting Disk以及其管理

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Oracle Clusterware由2部分組成，分別是Voting Disk和 OCR。Voting Disk里面記錄著節(jié)點(diǎn)成員的信息。如RAC數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中有哪些節(jié)點(diǎn)成員，節(jié)點(diǎn)增加或者刪除時(shí)也同樣會(huì)將信息記錄進(jìn)來(lái)。Voting Disk必須存放在共享存儲(chǔ)上，通常來(lái)說(shuō)是存放在裸設(shè)備上。為了保證Voting Disk的安全，需要配置多個(gè)Voting Disk，Oracle建議Voting Disk的個(gè)數(shù)應(yīng)該為奇數(shù)個(gè)，如 1、3、5個(gè)，每個(gè)Voting Disk的大小約為20MB。
OCR 記錄的是節(jié)點(diǎn)成員的配置信息，如數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、ASM、實(shí)例、監(jiān)聽器、VIP等CRS資源的配置信息。CRS進(jìn)程管理的信息來(lái)自O(shè)CR的內(nèi)容。OCR存儲(chǔ)的配置信息是以目錄樹的形式來(lái)記錄一系列“鍵-值”對(duì)應(yīng)信息的。OCR記錄著 CRS進(jìn)程管理資源的所有配置信息。大小約為100MB。
對(duì)Voting Disk的更改必須用root來(lái)進(jìn)行。
添加一個(gè)Voting Disk成員：crsctl add css votedisk /dev/raw/raw3'
刪除一個(gè)Voting Disk成員：crsctl delete css votedisk /dev/raw/raw3'

對(duì)OCR的增加、刪除和替代配置可以由root用戶通過ocrconfig -replace來(lái)操作：
ocrconfig -replace /dev/raw/raw1

注意：增加、刪除Voting Disk及恢復(fù)Voting Disk和OCR時(shí)，RAC中的所有資源都必須停止。

Voting Disk和OCR存放的信息是至關(guān)重要的，一旦他們丟失或者損壞的話，Clusterware將無(wú)法啟動(dòng)，這樣整個(gè)RAC都無(wú)法啟動(dòng)。因此需要對(duì) Voting Disk和OCR進(jìn)行完備的備份。

對(duì)Voting Disk的備份操作可以通過dd命令來(lái)操作。
查看位置：
#crsctl query css votedisk
備份操作：
#dd if=/dev/raw/raw2 f=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak
恢復(fù)操作：
#dd if=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak f=/dev/raw/raw2

默認(rèn)情況下，RAC會(huì)在其中一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)上每4個(gè)小時(shí)都自動(dòng)備份一次OCR。并保留最近的3次備份，另外還保留最近兩天以及最近兩個(gè)周末的備份。這個(gè)可以通過命令ocrconfig -showbackup來(lái)查看。OCR默認(rèn)的備份路徑為$CRS_HOME/cdata/crs。可以通過ocrconfig -backuploc來(lái)更改OCR的備份路徑。OCR自動(dòng)備份的時(shí)間間隔無(wú)法修改。我們還可以通過ocrconfig -export 來(lái)到處OCR的內(nèi)容，也可以通過通過ocrconfig -import導(dǎo)入OCR的內(nèi)容。

可以用ocrconfig -restore 命令對(duì)OCR進(jìn)行恢復(fù)。
./ocrconfig -restore /u01/oracle/product/10g/crs/cdata/crs/backup00.ocr

添加Voting Disk:
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl add css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk addition
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl add css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2-force
Now formatting voting disk: /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
successful addition of votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2. chown oracle:oinstall /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
chmod 775 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
[root@rhel1 bin]# /etc/init.crs start
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl query css votedisk
0. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
1. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
注意：add voting disk必須是所有服務(wù)都關(guān)閉的情況下完成。
添加OCR鏡像:
[root@rhel1 bin]# touch /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2756
Available space (kbytes) : 259364
ID : 2062708016
Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
注意：add ocr可以是在線完成。

刪除OCR鏡像：
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2756
Available space (kbytes) : 259364
ID : 2062708016
Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
[root@rhel1 bin]#cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2 being deleted
ocrconfig_loc=/u01/ocfs2fs/ocr

刪除Voting Disk：
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk removal
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk removal
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2-force
successful deletion of votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2.
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl query css votedisk
0. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
located 1 votedisk(s).

備份、恢復(fù)Voting Disk：
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl check crs
Failure 1 contacting CSS daemon
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM
[root@rhel1 bin]# dd if=/u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk f=/home/oracle/vdisk_bak //備份,ocfs2也可直接copy
20000+0 records in
20000+0 records out
10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.301106 seconds, 34.0 MB/s
[root@rhel1 bin]# rm -rf /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
[root@rhel1 bin]#dd if=/home/oracle/vdisk_bak f=/u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk //恢復(fù),ocfs2也可直接copy
20000+0 records in
20000+0 records out
10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.173678 seconds, 59.0 MB/s
[root@rhel1 bin]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
[root@rhel1 bin]# chmod 775 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
[root@rhel1 bin]#/etc/init.d/init.crs start
Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy

備份、恢復(fù)OCR：

1.還原自動(dòng)備份文件：
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
[root@rhel1 bin]# cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2 being deleted
ocrconfig_loc=/u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
local_only=false
[root@rhel1 bin]# mv /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr_bak
[root@rhel1 crs_1]# cd cdata
[root@rhel1 cdata]# cd crs
[root@rhel1 crs]# ll
total 23144
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Mar 1 11:00 13968559
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Mar 1 07:00 33426182
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3182592 Mar 8 15:17 34809936
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Feb 27 09:38 backup00.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Feb 8 06:02 backup01.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 backup02.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 day.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 week.ocr
[root@rhel1 crs]# cd ../../bin
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/oracle/crs_1/cdata/crs/backup02.ocr
PROT-16: Internal Error
[root@rhel1 bin]#touch /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/oracle/crs_1/cdata/crs/backup02.ocr
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy

其他：
./ocrconfig -showbackup //查看自動(dòng)備份。
./ocrconfig -backuploc <dirname> //改變自動(dòng)備份目錄

本文來(lái)自CSDN博客，轉(zhuǎn)自http://blog.csdn.net/inthirties/archive/2010/03/30/5431368.aspx