mod_rewrite配置文檔學(xué)習(xí)筆記

xuequansongmo

                modrewrite配置文檔學(xué)習(xí)筆記:
1.環(huán)境變量:
    例子:
    SCRIPT_NAME=/sw/lib/w3s/tree/global/u/rse/.www/index.html
    SCRIPT_FILENAME=/u/rse/.www/index.html
    SCRIPT_URL=/u/rse/
    SCRIPT_URI=http://en1.engelschall.com/u/rse/
2:RewriteBase
    描述：設(shè)定基于目錄的重寫規(guī)則的Base url.
    Syntax:    RewriteBase URL-path
    Context:    directory, .htaccess
    Override:    FileInfo
    Status:    Extension
    Module:    mod_rewrite
    這個(gè)一般不太需要管它.
3.RewriteCond
    用法:    RewriteCond Teststring Pattern
    這里是Teststring里用到的一些內(nèi)置變量.
    HTTP headers:    connection & request:
    HTTP_USER_AGENT
    HTTP_REFERER
    HTTP_COOKIE
    HTTP_FORWARDED
    HTTP_HOST
    HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION
    HTTP_ACCEPT
    REMOTE_ADDR
    REMOTE_HOST
    REMOTE_PORT
    REMOTE_USER
    REMOTE_IDENT
    REQUEST_METHOD
    SCRIPT_FILENAME
    PATH_INFO
    QUERY_STRING
    AUTH_TYPE
    DOCUMENT_ROOT
    SERVER_ADMIN
    SERVER_NAME
    SERVER_ADDR
    SERVER_PORT
    SERVER_PROTOCOL
    SERVER_SOFTWARE
    TIME_YEAR
    TIME_MON
    TIME_DAY
    TIME_HOUR
    TIME_MIN
    TIME_SEC
    TIME_WDAY
    TIME
    API_VERSION
    THE_REQUEST
    REQUEST_URI
    REQUEST_FILENAME
    IS_SUBREQ
    HTTPS
    #你可以在規(guī)則前加"!"取反.
    #這是一些常見(jiàn)的特殊的規(guī)則。你可以使用他們來(lái)取代一些表達(dá)式:
    * 'CondPattern’ (lexicographically follows)
    * ‘=CondPattern’ (lexicographically equal)
    * ‘-d’ (is directory)  測(cè)試是否是目錄.
    * ‘-f’ (is regular file) 測(cè)試是否是常規(guī)文件.
    * ‘-s’ (is regular file, with size)
    * ‘-l’ (is symbolic link)
    * ‘-F’ (is existing file, via subrequest)
    * ‘-U’ (is existing URL, via subrequest)
    你可以為規(guī)則后設(shè)置[flags]選項(xiàng)作為第三個(gè)參數(shù).常見(jiàn)的有:
    You can also set special flags for CondPattern by appending
[flags]  as the third argument to the RewriteCond  directive, where
flags is a comma-separated list of any of the following flags:
    # ‘nocase|NC’ (no case)
    # ‘ornext|OR’ (or next condition)
    例如:
    RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST}  ^host1.*  [OR]
    RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST}  ^host2.*  [OR]
    RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST}  ^host3.*
    RewriteRule …some special stuff for any of these hosts…
    如下例:
    RewriteCond  %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^Mozilla.*
    RewriteRule  ^/$                 /homepage.max.html  [L]
    RewriteCond  %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^Lynx.*
    RewriteRule  ^/$                 /homepage.min.html  [L]
    RewriteRule  ^/$                 /homepage.std.html  [L]
    用Mozilla類的瀏覽器訪問(wèn)時(shí)會(huì)帶你到homepage.max.html,這里支持所有特性。用Lynx來(lái)瀏覽時(shí)，帶你到純文本頁(yè)(homepage.min.html),默認(rèn)情況下會(huì)訪問(wèn)一個(gè)叫homepage.std.html的頁(yè).
4.RewriteEngine:
    使用:
    RewriteEngine On|Off
    如果存在.htaccess的文件，應(yīng)當(dāng)顯式地指明RewriteEngine On.
    因?yàn)槟�認(rèn)情況下.htaccess的RewriteEngine項(xiàng)是Off的。因此如果想用.htaccess來(lái)設(shè)置rewrite,文件頭一行一般都需要RewriteEngine On
5.RewriteLock:
    供rewrite-mapping程序同步使用的鎖文件。
    使用:
    RewriteLock file-path
6.RewriteLog:
    設(shè)定日志文件.如果不是以”/”開(kāi)頭，則是指相對(duì)ServerRoot的相對(duì)路徑.
    使用:
    RewriteLog    file-path
7.RewriteLogLevel:
    設(shè)定日志記錄級(jí)別。
    使用:
    RewriteLogLevel level
    默認(rèn):
8.RewriteMap:
    使用Mapping.
    它的上下文是Server config 和Virtual host
    使用:
    RewriteMap Mapname MapType:Mapsource
    例如:
    在httpd.conf中配置:
    #RewriteMap exampleMap txt:/path/to/file/map.txt
    #RewriteRule ^/ex/(.*)    ${exampleMap:$1}
    而map文件的格式有這個(gè)幾個(gè):
    1.txt類型的map文件:
        #Standard Plain     txt:
        #map.txt
        #maptype:txt
        Ralf.S.Engelschall    rse   # Bastard Operator From Hell
        Mr.Joe.Average        joe   # Mr. Average
    2.Randomized Plain Text
        #maptyp:rnd
        static    www1|www2|www3|www4
        dynamic    www5|www6
        配置:
        RewriteMap servers    rnd:/path/to/mapfile/map.txt
        RewriteRule ^/(.*.(png|gif|jpg)) http://${servers:static}/$1    [NC,P,L]
        RewriteRule ^/(.*)    http://${servers:dynamic}/$1    [P,L]
    3.dbm
        這里提供了一個(gè)txt2dmb程序。
        !/path/to/bin/perl
        ##
        ##  txt2dbm — convert txt map to dbm format
        ##
        use NDBM_File;
        use Fcntl;
        ($txtmap, $dbmmap) = @ARGV;
        open(TXT, “配置繼承.
    MaxRedirects=num(10,15,,,,,等等)
10.RewriteRule:
    這是mod_rewrite中用得最多的語(yǔ)句了(”the real rewriting workhorse”);
    用法:
    RewriteRule pattern Substitution [Flags]
    Quantifiers:
      ?           0 or 1 occurrences of the preceding text
      *           0 or N occurrences of the preceding text (N > 0)
      +           1 or N occurrences of the preceding text (N > 1)
    Grouping:
      (text)      Grouping of text
                  (used either to set the borders of an alternative as above, or
                  to make backreferences, where the Nth group can
                  be referred to on the RHS of a RewriteRule as $N)
    Anchors:
      ^           Start-of-line anchor
      $           End-of-line anchor
    Escaping:
      char       escape the given char
                  (for instance, to specify the chars “.[]()” etc.)
    一些技巧:
   1.  back-references ($N) to the RewriteRule pattern
   2. back-references (%N) to the last matched RewriteCond pattern
   3. server-variables as in rule condition test-strings (%{VARNAME})
   4. mapping-function calls (${mapname:key|default})
    關(guān)于Flags:
    # ‘chain|C’ (chained with next rule)
    # ‘cookie|CO=NAME:VAL:domain[:lifetime[:path]]’ (set cookie)
    # ‘env|E=VAR:VAL’ (set environment variable)
    # ‘forbidden|F’ (force URL to be forbidden)
    # ‘gone|G’ (force URL to be gone)
    # ‘last|L’ (last rule)
    # ‘next|N’ (next round)
    # ‘nocase|NC’ (no case)
    # ‘noescape|NE’ (no URI escaping of output)
    例如:
    RewriteRule /foo/(.*) /bar?arg=P1%3d$1 [R,NE]
    這將會(huì)將’/foo/zed’ 轉(zhuǎn)向到’/bar?arg=p1=zed’
    # ‘nosubreq|NS’ ( not for internal sub-requests)
    # ‘proxy|P’ (force proxy)
    Note: mod_proxy must be enabled in order to use this flag.
    # ‘passthrough|PT’ (pass through to next handler)
    (例如:
    RewriteRule ^/abc(.*) /def$1 [PT]
    Alias /def /ghi
    # ‘qsappend|QSA’ (query string append)
    # ‘redirect|R [=code]’ (force redirect)
    # ’skip|S=num’ (skip next rule(s))
    # ‘type|T=MIME-type’ (force MIME type)
  
               
               
               
               
               

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