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本帖最后由 abc3w 于 2010-08-24 10:40 編輯
利用wpad配置瀏覽器代理服務(wù)器自動檢測
在家與公司里,代理服務(wù)器地址改來改去,麻煩?
代理服務(wù)器用戶驗證需要手工設(shè)置代理服務(wù)器地址?
WPAD是Web Proxy Auto Discovery的縮寫,意思是Web代理服務(wù)器自動發(fā)現(xiàn)。
瀏覽器自動檢測代理服務(wù)器啟用時會查找名稱為wpad的計算機,并從wpad的web服務(wù)下載自動配置腳本。
使用瀏覽器的自動代理服務(wù)器檢測,可以方便計算機在各個使用代理服務(wù)器的網(wǎng)絡(luò)打開網(wǎng)頁,而無需重新配置,并繞過了透明代理不能使用用戶驗證的問題。
以下是一個已經(jīng)通過IE及firefox瀏覽器自動配置的方案.
dhcpd+wins+named+apache+squid
實現(xiàn)過程:
由dhcpd分配dns服務(wù)器地址
wins及named解析wpad地址
apache提供自動代理腳本 proxy.pac 下載
squid提供代理服務(wù),當(dāng)然其它代理服務(wù)器也行
假設(shè)各服務(wù)器IP如下:
aquid: 192.168.1.1 squid.wpad
named: 192.168.1.2 ns1.network.local
apache: 192.168.1.3 wpad
wins: 192.168.1.253
dhcpd: 192.168.1.254
以下配置只包括如何實現(xiàn)瀏覽器自動檢測代理服務(wù)器的部份內(nèi)容,各服務(wù)具體配置請查閱相關(guān)資料.
1) 配置DHCP分配DNS地址
在dhcpd.conf里添加dns服務(wù)器地址:
- option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.2;
- option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.253;
- option domain-name "network.rhel"; # 單wpad不會查詢DNS,加入這一條,會就查詢wpad.network.rhel.
復(fù)制代碼 2) 配置named解析wpad
在named.conf里添加
- zone "network.rhel" {
- type master;
- file "/etc/network.rhel.zone";
- };
復(fù)制代碼 新建文件network.rhel.zone,并添加:
- $ttl 36000
- wpad. IN SOA ns1.network.rhel. ns@network.rhel. ( #named里已經(jīng)配置ns1.network.local指向本地IP地址.
- 2005090503
- 10800
- 3600
- 604800
- 36000 )
- network.rhel. IN NS ns1.network.rhel.
- network.rhel. IN NS ns2.network.rhel. #如有多個DNS服務(wù)器地址,需同樣在named添加network.rhel.zone記錄及network.rhel.zone數(shù)據(jù)文件.
- @ IN A 192.168.1.2
- ns1 IN A 192.168.1.2
- ns2 IN A 192.168.1.x #多臺dns解析服務(wù)器
- wpad IN A 192.168.1.3 #提供wpad解析
- squid IN A 192.168.1.1
- squid IN A 192.168.1.5 #可選,多臺代理服務(wù)器時使用,如果使用了用戶驗證,可能會導(dǎo)致頻繁驗證.
復(fù)制代碼 3) 配置wins,使用win2003的wins服務(wù),添加靜態(tài)映射: #有哪位能告訴我LINUX有wins服務(wù)嗎?
計算機名稱: wpad
ip地址: 192.168.1.3
4) 配置proxy.pac,由apache提供下載
在apache默認路徑下(默認/var/www/html/,具體位置見httpd.conf配置文件DocumentRoot處)添加proxy.pac文件:
此文件可以squid官方網(wǎng)站下載到,稍做修改如下:
- //We (www.is.co.za) run a central cache for our customers that they
- //access through a firewall - thus if they want to connect to their intranet
- //system (or anything in their domain at all) they have to connect
- //directly - hence all the "fiddling" to see if they are trying to connect
- //to their local domain.
- //
- //Replace each occurrence of company.com with your domain name
- //and if you have some kind of intranet system, make sure
- //that you put it's name in place of "internal" below.
- //
- //We also assume that your cache is called "cache.company.com", and
- //that it runs on port 8080. Change it down at the bottom.
- //
- //(C) Oskar Pearson and the Internet Solution (http://www.is.co.za)
- function FindProxyForURL(url, host)
- {
- //If they have only specified a hostname, go directly.
- if (isPlainHostName(host))
- return "DIRECT";
- //These connect directly if the machine they are trying to
- //connect to starts with "intranet" - ie http://intranet
- //Connect directly if it is intranet.*
- //If you have another machine that you want them to
- //access directly, replace "internal*" with that
- //machine's name
- if (shExpMatch( host, "intranet*")||
- shExpMatch(host, "internal*"))
- return "DIRECT";
- //Connect directly to our domains (NB for Important News)
- if (dnsDomainIs( host,"127.0.0.1")|| #指定地址或域名不通過代理
- //If you have another domain that you wish to connect to
- //directly, put it in here
- dnsDomainIs(host,"127.0.0.1")) #指定地址或域名不通過代理,可使用||符號添加多個
- return "DIRECT";
- //So the error message "no such host" will appear through the
- //normal Netscape box - less support queries :)
- if (!isResolvable(host))
- return "DIRECT";
- //We only cache http, ftp and gopher
- if (url.substring(0, 5) == "http:" ||
- url.substring(0, 4) == "ftp:"||
- url.substring(0, 7) == "gopher:")
- //Change the ":8080" to the port that your cache
- //runs on, and "cache.company.com" to the machine that
- //you run the cache on
- return "PROXY squid.wpad:3128; DIRECT"; #此處指明squid服務(wù)器地址,已經(jīng)由squid.wpad解析
- //We don't cache WAIS
- if (url.substring(0, 5) == "wais:")
- return "DIRECT";
- else
- return "DIRECT";
- }
復(fù)制代碼 5) 配置squid,無需特別的配置,也可以使用其它代理服務(wù)器(例如ISA),需要端口號一致.
如果squid與apache在一臺服務(wù)器上,并且啟用透明代理,在squid.conf合適位置添加如下幾行,防止不能下載proxy.pac文件.
- acl AllowSquidWpad dstdomain wpad wpad. squid.wpad 192.168.1.1 #假設(shè)服務(wù)器地址是192.168.1.1
- acl lan_all_ip src 192.168.0.0/16 #假設(shè)局域網(wǎng)地址范圍是192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
- http_access allow lan_all_ip AllowSquidWpad
復(fù)制代碼 配置完成.
以上服務(wù)可以由一臺服務(wù)器提供,只要把相應(yīng)的IP地址更改。
這只是N種方法中的一種,純個人見解,錯誤之處難免,望大家指正. |
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