php+mysql+apache集成開發(fā)環(huán)境

千年止水

認(rèn)識XAMPP
　　XAMPP（Apache+MySQL+PHP+PERL）是一個功能強(qiáng)大的建站集成軟件包。
這個軟件包原來的名字是LAMPP，但是為了避免誤解，最新的幾個版本就改名為 XAMPP
了。它可以在Windows、Linux、Solaris三種操作系統(tǒng)下安裝使用，支持多語言：英文、簡體中文、繁體中文、韓文、俄文、日文等。
　　許多人通過他們自己的經(jīng)驗認(rèn)識到安裝 Apache 服務(wù)器是件不容易的事兒。如果您想添加
MySQL、PHP 和 Perl，那就更難了。XAMPP 是一個易于安裝且包含 MySQL、PHP 和 Perl 的 Apache
發(fā)行版。XAMPP 的確非常容易安裝和使用：只需下載，解壓縮，啟動即可。
　　到目前為止，XAMPP 共有以下四種版本：
　　適用于 Linux 的版本（已在 Ubuntu、SuSE、RedHat、Mandrake 和 Debian 下通過測試），
　　適用于 Windows 98、NT、2000、2003、XP 和 Vista 的版本，
　　適用于 Solaris SPARC 的測試版（在 Solaris 8 環(huán)境下開發(fā)并測試），
　　適用于 Mac OS X 的測試版。
　　適用于 Mac OS X 和 Solaris 的 XAMPP 版本尚處于開發(fā)的第一階段。使用時風(fēng)險自擔(dān)！
　　XAMPP 1.6.5 已發(fā)布！
　　更新：
　　Apache 2.2.6 + OpenSSL 0.9.8g
　　MySQL 5.0.51
　　PHP 5.2.5 & PHP 4.4.6
　　phpMyAdmin 2.11.3
　　FileZilla FTP Server 0.9.24
　　Mercury Mail Transport System v4.52
　　MOD_PERL 警告：新發(fā)布的 Apache 2.2.6 不支持
mod_perl（win32）�？雌饋� Apache httpd 小組已經(jīng)知道了這個問題，并在下次發(fā)布 Apache
時會修正該問題。順便說一句：Mod_JK（Tomcat 6.0.13 插件）用起來沒有問題。
　　Vista 用戶請注意：由于對 Vista 默認(rèn)安裝的 c:\program files 文件夾沒有足夠的寫權(quán)限，我們推薦您為 XAMPP 安裝創(chuàng)建新的路徑，如 c:\xampp 或 c:\myfolder\xampp。
　　特別感謝來自 www.nat32.com 的 Chris 對其 XAMPP 控制面板作出的快速調(diào)整。老版本的 XAMPP（包括早期的 WAMPP）可直接在 Source Forge 下載。
　　安裝與啟動
　　以系統(tǒng)管理員用戶登錄，將下載的包在服務(wù)器上解壓到任意目錄（不能放在中文名目錄內(nèi)）、比如放到c盤根目錄，
　　雙擊運行目錄內(nèi)的setup_xampp.bat初始化xampp。然后運行 xampp-control.exe 可以啟動或停止apache、mysql等各個模塊并可將其注冊為服務(wù)。
　　PHP 5與PHP 4的切換
　　XAMPP從 1.4.7版開始支持PHP 5與PHP 4可選啟動，便于用戶根據(jù)PHP程序的需要做出選擇。
　　運行根目錄下的php-switch.bat即可進(jìn)入php切換的命令窗口
　　切換到php4：
　　在命令窗口輸入4
　　切換到php5：
　　在命令窗口輸入5
　　移動整體環(huán)境到其它地方（移動到其它目錄或服務(wù)器）
　　只運行根目錄下的setup_xampp.bat即可進(jìn)入命令窗口，選擇“1"對環(huán)境重新進(jìn)行初始化即可。
　　注意：如果您啟用了虛擬主機(jī)，這時需要重新檢查虛擬主機(jī)配置文件中的相對路徑是否正確（如果設(shè)置的是絕對路徑則不必檢查）
　　提高系統(tǒng)安全
　　XAMPP默認(rèn)安裝之后是很不安全的，普通用戶不用任何密碼就可以訪問其Web管理頁面，修改數(shù)據(jù)庫。我們只需要點擊左方菜單的 "安全"選項，按照向?qū)Р僮骷纯赏瓿砂踩�設(shè)置。
　　在默認(rèn)狀態(tài)下，phpmyadmin有兩個用戶名，分別是pma和root。其中，root是管理員身份，而pma則是普通用戶身份，但二者在缺省狀態(tài)下均無密碼。
　　這里的兩個默認(rèn)用戶的密碼務(wù)必要設(shè)置，設(shè)置方法：
　　(1)先在“安全”這里設(shè)置好root賬戶的密碼
　　(2)通過默認(rèn)主頁左側(cè)的phpmyadmin導(dǎo)航欄進(jìn)入phpmyadmin界面，輸入用戶名root后直接點擊登陸即可。
　　(3)更改pma帳號密碼：登錄后，點擊首頁的“權(quán)限”菜單，點擊出現(xiàn)的“用戶一覽”頁面的用
戶名“pma”后面的圖標(biāo)進(jìn)入權(quán)限設(shè)置頁面，在“編輯權(quán)限”這個頁面的“更改密碼”這里設(shè)置密碼。更改后用寫字板或記事本等文本編輯器xampp\
phpMyAdmin\config.inc.php的第63行的pma密碼更改為剛才設(shè)置的密碼，否則，登陸會出錯。
　　注：只有pma不設(shè)置密碼時，XAMPP的web主界面的MySQL database的狀態(tài)才會顯示為ACTIVATED狀態(tài)！
　　目錄說明：
　　Web程序(PHP、Html)都放到 xampp\htdocs\
　　perl文件目錄 xampp\cgi-bin\；
　　apache基礎(chǔ)配置：xampp\apache\conf\extra\httpd.conf
　　apache更多配置(如虛擬主機(jī)等)文件：xampp\apache\conf\extra\
　　php配置文件：xampp\apache\bin\php.ini
　　配置虛擬主機(jī)：
　　只需要修改虛擬主機(jī)配置文件：xampp\apache\conf\extra\httpd-vhosts.conf。
　　這里只說明基于域名（服務(wù)器只有單ip）的虛擬主機(jī)配置方法，基于ip（服務(wù)器多ip，可以每個虛擬主機(jī)一個ip）等的配置方法請參考apache官方手冊。
　　(1)請將“#NameVirtualHost *:80”這里的“#”去掉，即改為“NameVirtualHost *:80”，如果使用的非80端口，將這里和下面虛擬主機(jī)配置文件中的“80"改為實際端口即可。
　　(2)我們看看這個配置文件下面的“VirtualHost example:”這部分，為了便于本機(jī)操作，我們先建立起“l(fā)ocalhost”這個虛擬主機(jī)，否則一旦啟用虛擬主機(jī)會導(dǎo)致本地的xampp無法進(jìn)入web管理界面。
　　配置文件自帶了兩個配置好但沒啟用的例子，我們建好的“l(fā)ocalhost”的虛擬主機(jī)應(yīng)該是這樣的：
　　
　　## ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
　　DocumentRoot /xampp/htdocs
　　ServerName localhost
　　## ErrorLog @rel_logfiledir@/dummy-host2.example.com-error_log
　　## CustomLog @rel_logfiledir@/dummy-host2.example.com-access_log common
　　
　　其中，沒有注釋符的幾項是必需的，有注釋符的項目是可選的，當(dāng)然，您也可以根據(jù)apache官方文檔設(shè)定更多的項目。
　　“DocumentRoot”：
　　必需。這個是虛擬主機(jī)站點的根目錄，可以是相對路徑或絕對路徑、路徑不能包含空格等特殊字符。
使用相對路徑時路徑是相對環(huán)境所在的分區(qū)，我的環(huán)境放在d盤的根目錄，所以示例中寫作“/xampp/htdocs”、也可以寫作“D:
/xampp/htdocs”（后面不加"/"），如果環(huán)境放在d盤的www目錄，那么這里的路徑就要寫作“/www/xampp/htdocs”、也可
以寫作“D:/www/xampp/htdocs”（后面不加"/"）。
　　配置虛擬主機(jī)失敗多數(shù)都是路徑設(shè)置的不對。
　　“ServerName”：
　　必需。這個是配置虛擬主機(jī)的域名。可以是“l(fā)ocalhost”、“cmsware”、“www.cmsware.com”等。
　　虛擬主機(jī)配置常見問題：
　　如果配置后apache通過管理面板啟動不了，請直接運行環(huán)境根目錄下的apache_start.bat、apache_stop.bat啟動或關(guān)閉apache，這時能看到具體的報錯信息。
　　如果虛擬主機(jī)配置后沒生效，看看apache報錯日志（xampp\apache\logs\error.log）一般就能知道原因所在。
　　提醒：
　　1,Skype與XAMPP的Apache有沖突，因為 Skype 缺省情況下把80端口和443端口作為接入設(shè)備的備用端口，也就是所謂的防火墻穿透了。
　　解決方法：重新設(shè)置 Skype 菜單 "工具"->"選項"->"連接"
項，去掉 “把80端口和443端口作為接入設(shè)備的備用端口” 前面的復(fù)選框。副作用：如果你的 Skype 處于防火墻/代理之下，將沒法正常使用
Skype ，只有正確設(shè)置了防火墻/代理的端口重定向才行。
　　2,正在使用迅雷時也會導(dǎo)致xampp套件中的apache無法啟動，可以先停掉迅雷。啟動后再使用迅雷沒問題。
　　3,如果通過管理面板啟動或關(guān)閉apache、mysql，請直接運行環(huán)境根目錄下的
apache_start.bat、apache_stop.bat或mysql_start.bat、mysql_stop.bat啟動或關(guān)閉
apache、mysql，這時能看到具體的報錯信息
　　4,如果您啟用了組件中的ftp但遠(yuǎn)程連接時卻根本連不上也沒任何報錯，這時請檢查一下您服務(wù)器上是否設(shè)置了防火墻
　　XAMPP 的 Windows 版 FAQ
　　作者：Kay Vogelgesang, kvo@apachefriends.org
　　版本：2005 年 10 月 31 日
　　簡體中文版的 FAQ 有待翻譯 :)
　　1. General Questions
　　XAMPP does not work under Windows XP SP2!
　　Sure! But here, Microsoft delivered a new
firewall. This firewall blocks the important ports 80 (http) and 443
(https) and the server does not want to start (anymore). The fast
solution: Deactivate the Microsoft firewall with the toolbar and try to
start XAMPP once more.
　　Of course everybody also can define the own
firwall exceptions in the security center. The following ports are
needed for a basic functionality:
　　http 80 (HTTP)
　　https 443 (SSL)
　　mysql 3306
　　And for all other servers in XAMPP:
　　ftp 21
　　smtp 25
　　pop3 110
　　imap 143
　　AJP/1.3 8009
　　http-alt 8080 (Tomcat Default Port)
　　Where I change the start page?
　　Document is called a folder the
$path-to-xampp\xampp\htdocs. There is the index site (index.html) the
real start page which is initialized after executing of
http://localhost. Alternatively, this page can also be deleted and
replaced by "index.php" or "index.cgi" (etc.). The hierarchy of all
index pages in the XAMPP be called:
　　DirectoryIndex index.php index.php4 index.php3 index.cgi index.pl index.html index.htm index.html.var index.phtml
　　Note: After changing that, you will find the XAMPP examples with the URL http://localhost/xampp.
　　However, I need mod_perl, the Tomcat or Python!
　　The tools for this exist with the XAMPP
AddOns. Note: These additional packages work only the XAMPP main
package not with the “xampplite”. At the moment there are the following
AddOns:
　　Perl with mod_perl and many DBI drivers for the respective version of XAMPP (Apache)
　　Tomcat with mod_jk 2 but without Java JSDK.
The required JSDK for that Addon was published in the download page or
in the Readme. You should be installed Java JSDK before installing this
AddOn!
　　Python with mod_python
　　You find all current AddOns for win32 on
the XAMPP win32 download page. Besides that there are even further
AddOns for XAMPP on
　　http://sourceforge.net/projects/xamppaddon.
　　How do I check the md5 checksum?
　　To check whether the package really is from
developer, you need additional Programs. For example the console
program md5sum.exe:
　　http://downloads.activestate.com/contrib/md5sum/Windows/md5sum.exe
　　So it works:
　　Put the XAMPP package (e.g.
xampp-win32-1.4.16.exe) and MD5 file (e.g. xampp-win32-1.4.16.exe.md5)
and the md5sum.exe in the same directory
　　Use the cmd with the following command, here:
　　md5sum -c xampp-win32-1.4.16.exe.md5
　　xampp-win32-1.4.16.exe OK
　　Otherwise something is wrong. By the way,
another GUI program is MD5summer. Please visit their homepage for more
information.: http://www.md5summer.org.
　　There are three "php.ini". Which is now the correct one?
　　The \xampp\apache\bin\php.ini is the
correct one! The others in the \xampp\php directory are only for PHP in
CGI/CLI mode. So configure the \xampp\apache\bin\php.ini for web
changes.
　　Modifications in the php.ini will be saved
also after the "PHP switch" (the changing of the PHP version). And
note: Modifications in the php.ini and in the httpd.conf always need a
Apache restart!
　　Help! The PV.EXE (KILL.EXE) is a Virus in the XAMPP!
　　No! The "pv.exe" (older the “kill.exe”) is
not a Virus or a Trojan. It is a normal utility for killing processes
like the kill order for Linux. We need this to stop some server like
the Apache. Because the “shutdown/stop” statement do not work here
without service installation. But sometimes we make a “hand start” and
want to stop the Apache clean.
　　Problem: Some Virus scans (also like
Norton) make warnings here. Because it is the name (“kill”) or perhaps
some Virus/Trojan bundles contain a kill program for stopping some
unwanted programs.
　　See also:
　　Microsoft C 1
　　Microsoft C 2
　　Not enough memory in the system environment
　　This kind of error message occurs only
under home systems like Windows 95/98/ME and XP home. Problem: The
worse memory administration of the Windows home systems allows not some
applications like the "command.com" to work with more memory that 160
kb. But our servers need more, however. Solution: Add the following
line to c:\config.sys:
　　shell=c:\windows\command.com c:\windows /e:2048 /p
　　After the restart of your complete system
please try XAMPP again. The memory of 2048 kb can be used now. That
should be sufficient.
　　The apache does not start on my system!!!
　　This problem can be several reasons.
　　(1) You have started more then one HTTP
Server (IIS, Sambar, ZEUS and so on). Only one Server can occupy port
80. So you must terminate one http server, before you start the Apache.
Some error messages like this show the problem:
　　"(OS 10048)... make_sock: could not bind to adress 0.0.0.0:85
　　no listening sockets available, shutting down"
　　"(OS 10038)Socket operation on non-socket: make
　　_sock: for address 0.0.0.0:443, apr_socket_opt_set: (SO_KEEPALIVE)
　　no listening sockets available, shutting down"
　　(2) You have Windows 95 with an outdated
winsocks or your winsocks is damage. At least the Apache needs winsocks
2. Please download the current winsocks by www.microsoft.com.
　　(3) Sometimes the Winsock2 information has
been corrupted by poorly written Internet programs (worms, virus). A
Winsock2 Fix written by Tom Kynch can solve this problem (only
95,98,ME).
　　(4) It runs a firewall, which blocks the
Apache port. In this case, some pictures or javascripts cannot load via
http://. Sometimes, you must deinstall your firewall completly to fix
this problem.
　　(5) You have XP professional without Service Pack 1. In this case the installation of SP1 is recommended urgently.
　　(6) You have a Virus Scan from McAffee. Sometimes it makes problems. Deactivate here McAffee for testing of XAMPP.
　　(7) You have other software, such as the
Internet Telephone "SKYPE" which also blocks the port 80. (thanks
Peter! ) However, one can change the SKYPE port: Actions -- >
Options --> Connection. Here remove the check mark at "Port 80" for
an alternate port. Restart Skype and also it should work. (thank Monty!
)
　　Tip: The "xampp-portcheck.exe" displays the
status of every essential port of XAMPP. The status "Free" is even free
and that is okay.
　　My CPU load is with the Apache almost by 99%
　　Please, enable following line = > # Win32DisableAcceptEx in the /xampp/Apache/conf/httpd.conf.
　　In this case correct is: Win32DisableAcceptEx
　　The newer Apache versions have been an
improved Winsock 2 support. But it does not work correctly with the
Windows home versions. The statement "Win32DisableAcceptEx" in the
httpd.conf deactivate this support. Sometimes, some Windows NT systems
make trouble too. We do not know why.
　　Pictures and style Sheets are not displayed!
　　With some applications (phpEclipse, phpBB
etc.) are problems with displaying great files rpictures. This problem
can be solved in the /xampp/Apache/conf/httpd.conf these lines
　　# EnableSendfile offstage
　　# EnableMMAP offstage
　　Please activate these lines by removing #:
　　EnableSendfile offstage
　　EnableMMAP offstage
　　Apache restart.
　　Conversly sometimes, from
　　EnableSendfile offstage
　　EnableMMAP offstage
　　you should make
　　# EnableSendfile offstage
　　# EnableMMAP offstage
　　Try it out! Thanks for this solution to the forum and Kris!
　　This problem is often caused by the program "NetLimiter" for regulating bandwidth. Please see here the thread in our forum
　　http://www.apachefriends.org/f/viewtopic.php?t=6195&highlight=netlimiter
　　for more information.
　　I would like to install the MySQL server as a service!
　　I would like to install the MySQL server as a service!
　　Do only work under with NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP.
　　(1) Service installation: Under /xampp/mysql double-click on the "mysql_installservice.bat".
　　(2) Service uninstallation: Under /xampp/mysql double-click on the "mysql_uninstallservice.bat". That is all!
　　How I can set a "root" password in MySQL? (method 1)
　　In the \xampp\mysql\bin directory enter into the console:
　　mysqladmin -u root password secret
　　Ok, "secret" should be your secret
password. Then update the password for PHPMyAdmin. Open the
"config.inc.php" in \xampp\phpmyadmin an edit following lines:
　　INSTEAD OF ...
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root';
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = '';
　　NOW ...
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root';
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'secret';
　　Ads
　　Set a new 'root' passwort with mysqladmin
　　How I can set a "root" password in MySQL? (method 2 )
　　Well, there is still another possibility to
set the root password. Start PHPMyAdmin with
http://127.0.0.1/phpmyadmin, open the database "mysql" (never delete
this!) and use the table "user". Create here a new user or e.g. simply
change the password of "root." MySQL restart! After that, do not forget
to change the password in the "xampp/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php" for
PHPMyAdmin.
　　How I can set a "root" password in MySQL? (method 3 )
　　This method based on a suggestion by Ruedi from Basel. With that: Thanks and Grüssli to Switzerland!
　　Tip: Resetting the password can be make also with the /xampp/mysql/resetroot.bat. After that, the password is empty means "".
　　Step 1: Run cmd
　　C:\ program files \apachefriends\xampp\mysql\bin>mysqld-nt --skip-grant-tables
　　Step 2: Run cmd
　　C:\>C:\ program files\apachefriends\xampp\mysql\bin\mysqladmin -u root flush-privileges password "newpwd"
　　Step 3: Stopping MySQL
　　C:\>C:\ program files\apachefriends\xampp\mysql\bin\mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
　　Enter password: ****** (newpwd)
　　Step 4: Edit the “config.inc.php” for the access of PHPMyAdmin
　　C:\ program files\apachefriends\xampp\phpmyadmin\config.inc.php
　　Here search for "root"
　　'$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'newpwd'; // MySQL password
　　Step 5: MySQL restart
　　Can I use my own mysql server?
　　Why not! Simply don't start the mysql from
the xampp package. So you can use your own MYSQL server. Please note!
Two servers cannot be started on one same port! If you have set a
password for root, please do not forget to edit the "config.inc.php" in
\xampp\phpmyadmin for PHPMyAdmin.
　　Everyone can use PHPMyAdmin from outside!
　　In the basic configuration of XAMPP,
PHPMyAdmin have a public access. You can close this 'gap' with the
"config.inc.php". Open the configuration file of PHPMyAdmin and edit
the 'auth_type' lines:
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'config';
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root';
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'secret';
　　Now correctly ...
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'http';
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root';
　　$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = '';
　　Now, user and password are checked before PHPMyAdmin access the mysql server. Optionally you can set 'cookie' for 'http'.
　　PHPMyAdmin Login, here cookie based
　　Where is the IMAP support for PHP?
　　As default, the IMAP support for PHP is
deactivated in XAMPP because there were some mysterious initialization
errors by some home versions like Windows 98. Who work with NT systems
should open the \xampp\apache\bin\php.ini to active here the php
exstension by removing the beginning semicolon.
　　extension=php_imap.dll
　　Apache restart! That is the method for all not loaded PHP modules in XAMPP to loading it
　　I have problems with the reference of some classes in objects
　　Thank you Jörg to point to that
problem! It seems the activation of the "Zend Optimizer" makes trouble
here. Please open the \xampp\apache\bin\php.ini and deactivate all
lines in the [Zend] section. After that, restart the apache.
　　Note: In the newer XAMPP versions, the ZEND extension is deactivate as default.
　　Other free opensource programs (CMS and so on) do not function!
　　Linux and Windows are different. So the
crypt() function does not supported for windows and so on. Also the
simple programming can be strange: For example the term 'var=Text;'
functions in PHP for Linux. But for example for some older PHP for
win32 you have to program 'var="Text";'. Or the interfaces are often
too different. Or further necessary programmes are missing on other
platforms. This is the reason why sometimes certain programmes do not
work with XAMPP.
　　Can I delete the "install" directory after "installation"?
　　No, better not. The scripts here are still needed for all additional packages (add-ons) and upgrades of XAMPP.
　　Where is a the front page extension?
　　We do not know a free extension for the
Apache under win32. But there is a "Ready-to-Run FrontPage Server
Extensions for Unix": http://www.rtr.com/fpsupport/.
　　But often the developer in our forum knowing more: http://www.apachefriends.org/f/
　　I would like to move the XAMPP package into another directory!
　　Hmm ... If the "install" directory is
present I would try the following: Copy the entire XAMPP package into
the new directory of your choice. Then start here again the
"setup_xampp.bat" for refresh all configuration files. Test everything!
If all servers really still working here, it is okay! If not, then not
and you should remove that copy!
　　How do I activate the eaccelerator?
　　Please open the "php.ini" in the directory
\xampp\apache\bin\php.ini. Here activate the following lines by
removing the semicolon in each line in the [eAccelerator] section:
　　extension=eaccelerator.dll
　　eaccelerator.shm_size = "0"
　　eaccelerator.cache_dir = "\xampp\tmp"
　　eaccelerator.enable = "1"
　　eaccelerator.optimizer = "1"
　　After that, don't forget the restart the Apache HTTPD!
　　I do not get any connection to my MS SQL server!
　　If the mssql extension was loaded in the
php.ini, sometimes it comes to access problems when only TCP/IP is
used. You can fix that problem with a newer "ntwdblib.dll" from
Microsoft. Please replace the older file in the \xampp\apache\bin
directory with your newer file from Microsoft. Apache restart. Thank
you Horst for this topic note!
　　How do I work with the PHP mcrypt extension?
　　For this, we have opened a Topic in the
forum with examples and also with some problem solutions:
http://www.apachefriends.org/f/viewtopic.php?t=3012
　　Do Microsoft Activer Server Pages (ASP) work with XAMPP?
　　No! And Perl:ASP in the Perl Add-on is not the same! Unfortunately no free implementation for the Apache is available.
　　I would like to use Perl with MOD_PERL!
　　Therefore you need our XAMPP Perl Add-on with the big Perl Package plus Mod_perl. Please refer our Add-on download section
　　http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.html#644
　　and our Add-on practice section
　　http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.html#1176
　　for more information.
               
               
               

本文來自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文請點：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/85344/showart_1432827.html