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一、用法
struct cpu_workqueue_struct {
spinlock_t lock;
long remove_sequence; /* Least-recently added (next to run) */
long insert_sequence; /* Next to add */
struct list_head worklist;
wait_queue_head_t more_work;
wait_queue_head_t work_done;
struct workqueue_struct *wq;
struct task_struct *thread;
int run_depth; /* Detect run_workqueue() recursion depth */
} ____cacheline_aligned;
/*
* The externally visible workqueue abstraction is an array of
* per-CPU workqueues:
*/
struct workqueue_struct {
struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cpu_wq;
const char *name;
struct list_head list; /* Empty if single thread */
};
工作隊(duì)列的使用很簡(jiǎn)單。
1.首先是建立一個(gè)工作隊(duì)列:
struct workqueue_struct *keventd_wq;
keventd_wq = create_workqueue("events");
2.然后就是在這個(gè)隊(duì)列中insert你所要做的“工作”:
DECLARE_WORK(work, func, data)
queue_work(keventd_wq, work);
struct work_struct {
unsigned long pending;
struct list_head entry;
void (*func)(void *);
void *data;
void *wq_data;
struct timer_list timer;
};
初始化有兩種方法。
一種為靜態(tài)方法:
#define __WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f, d) { \
.entry = { &(n).entry, &(n).entry }, \
.func = (f), \
.data = (d), \
.timer = TIMER_INITIALIZER(NULL, 0, 0), \
}
#define DECLARE_WORK(n, f, d) \
struct work_struct n = __WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f, d)
另一種為動(dòng)態(tài)方法:
/*
* initialize all of a work-struct:
*/
#define INIT_WORK(_work, _func, _data) \
do { \
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&(_work)->entry); \
(_work)->pending = 0; \
PREPARE_WORK((_work), (_func), (_data)); \
init_timer(&(_work)->timer); \
} while (0)
二、執(zhí)行過(guò)程
create_workqueue() -> __create_workqueue()
struct workqueue_struct *__create_workqueue(const char *name,
int singlethread)
{
int cpu, destroy = 0;
struct workqueue_struct *wq;
struct task_struct *p;
wq = kzalloc(sizeof(*wq), GFP_KERNEL);
//為每個(gè)CPU建立一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)
wq->cpu_wq = alloc_percpu(struct cpu_workqueue_struct);
...
wq->name = name;
mutex_lock(&workqueue_mutex);
if (singlethread) {
...
} else {
list_add(&wq->list, &workqueues);
for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
//為每個(gè)CPU創(chuàng)建一個(gè)線程
p = create_workqueue_thread(wq, cpu);
if (p) {
kthread_bind(p, cpu);
//喚醒這個(gè)線程執(zhí)行工作
wake_up_process(p);
} else
destroy = 1;
}
}
mutex_unlock(&workqueue_mutex);
...
return wq;
}
create_workqueue() -> __create_workqueue() -> create_workqueue_thread()
static struct task_struct *create_workqueue_thread(struct workqueue_struct *wq,
int cpu)
{
struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq = per_cpu_ptr(wq->cpu_wq, cpu);
struct task_struct *p;
spin_lock_init(&cwq->lock);
cwq->wq = wq;
cwq->thread = NULL;
cwq->insert_sequence = 0;
cwq->remove_sequence = 0;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cwq->worklist);
init_waitqueue_head(&cwq->more_work);
init_waitqueue_head(&cwq->work_done);
if (is_single_threaded(wq))
p = kthread_create(worker_thread, cwq, "%s", wq->name);
else
//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)線程,這個(gè)線程以cwq為數(shù)據(jù)執(zhí)行worker_thread這個(gè)函數(shù)
p = kthread_create(worker_thread, cwq, "%s/%d", wq->name, cpu);
if (IS_ERR(p))
return NULL;
cwq->thread = p; //
return p;
}
create_workqueue() -> __create_workqueue() -> create_workqueue_thread() -> worker_thread()
//本函數(shù)在一個(gè)死循環(huán)等待工作的到來(lái),這一般在睡眠狀態(tài)中,等待被喚醒執(zhí)行工作
//當(dāng)有工作到來(lái)時(shí)queue_work()會(huì)將這個(gè)線程喚醒
static int worker_thread(void *__cwq)
{
struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq = __cwq;
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
...
current->flags |= PF_NOFREEZE;
//設(shè)置優(yōu)先級(jí)
set_user_nice(current, -5);
...
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
//將本線程加入睡眠隊(duì)列,用于睡眠后可以被喚醒
add_wait_queue(&cwq->more_work, &wait);
//如果沒(méi)用被執(zhí)行的“工作”,則將自己切換出去,進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)
if (list_empty(&cwq->worklist))
schedule();
else //否則或是被喚醒
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
remove_wait_queue(&cwq->more_work, &wait);
//工作隊(duì)列非空,執(zhí)行工作
if (!list_empty(&cwq->worklist))
run_workqueue(cwq);
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
}
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return 0;
}
create_workqueue() -> __create_workqueue() -> create_workqueue_thread()
-> worker_thread() -> run_workqueue()
//該函數(shù)執(zhí)行真正的工作
static void run_workqueue(struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&cwq->lock, flags);
...
//順次執(zhí)行隊(duì)列中的所有工作
while (!list_empty(&cwq->worklist)) {
struct work_struct *work = list_entry(cwq->worklist.next,
struct work_struct, entry);
void (*f) (void *) = work->func;
void *data = work->data;
//從隊(duì)列中刪除待執(zhí)行的任務(wù)
list_del_init(cwq->worklist.next);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cwq->lock, flags);
BUG_ON(work->wq_data != cwq);
clear_bit(0, &work->pending);
//執(zhí)行“工作”
f(data);
spin_lock_irqsave(&cwq->lock, flags);
cwq->remove_sequence++;
wake_up(&cwq->work_done); //
}
cwq->run_depth--;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cwq->lock, flags);
}
三、工作線程創(chuàng)建的詳細(xì)過(guò)程
create_workqueue() -> __create_workqueue() -> create_workqueue_thread()
-> kthread_create()
struct task_struct *kthread_create(int (*threadfn)(void *data),
void *data,
const char namefmt[],
...)
{
//初始化用于創(chuàng)建線程的輔助結(jié)構(gòu)
struct kthread_create_info create;
DECLARE_WORK(work, keventd_create_kthread, &create);
create.threadfn = threadfn;
create.data = data;
init_completion(&create.started);
init_completion(&create.done);
if (!helper_wq) //首先創(chuàng)建輔助工作隊(duì)列
work.func(work.data);
else {
//注意,“創(chuàng)建一個(gè)工作隊(duì)列”這個(gè)工作本身又是屬于helper_wq工作隊(duì)列
//的一項(xiàng)工作,所以,將這個(gè)工作加入的輔助工作隊(duì)列中等待執(zhí)行。
queue_work(helper_wq, &work);
wait_for_completion(&create.done);
}
...
return create.result;
}
create_workqueue() -> __create_workqueue() -> create_workqueue_thread()
-> kthread_create()-> keventd_create_kthread()
//最終會(huì)調(diào)用kernel_thread為每個(gè)工作隊(duì)列創(chuàng)建一個(gè)線程
//這樣,被創(chuàng)建的線程會(huì)以create為數(shù)據(jù)執(zhí)行kthread(如下),而kthread中則執(zhí)行create中的threadfn(data),
//即為create_workqueue_thread中的worker_thread(cwq),即為我們工作隊(duì)列要執(zhí)行的函數(shù)了。
static void keventd_create_kthread(void *_create)
{
struct kthread_create_info *create = _create;
int pid;
/* We want our own signal handler (we take no signals by default). */
pid = kernel_thread(kthread, create, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES | SIGCHLD);
if (pid < 0) {
create->result = ERR_PTR(pid);
} else {
wait_for_completion(&create->started);
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
create->result = find_task_by_pid(pid);
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
}
complete(&create->done);
}
static int kthread(void *_create)
{
struct kthread_create_info *create = _create;
int (*threadfn)(void *data);
void *data;
...
threadfn = create->threadfn;
data = create->data;
...
if (!kthread_should_stop())
ret = threadfn(data);
...
return 0;
}
四、插入“工作”
/* Preempt must be disabled. */
static void __queue_work(struct cpu_workqueue_struct *cwq,
struct work_struct *work)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&cwq->lock, flags);
work->wq_data = cwq;
//將當(dāng)前工作插入到工作隊(duì)列中待待執(zhí)行
list_add_tail(&work->entry, &cwq->worklist);
cwq->insert_sequence++;
wake_up(&cwq->more_work); //喚醒相應(yīng)線程
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cwq->lock, flags);
}
int fastcall queue_work(struct workqueue_struct *wq, struct work_struct *work)
{
int ret = 0, cpu = get_cpu();
//如里當(dāng)前工作未在隊(duì)列中才插入
if (!test_and_set_bit(0, &work->pending)) {
...
__queue_work(per_cpu_ptr(wq->cpu_wq, cpu), work);
ret = 1;
}
put_cpu();
return ret;
} |
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