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標(biāo)題: 構(gòu)建Nginx+PHP5.2.6(FastCGI)的Web Server [打印本頁]

作者: Ksharp 時間: 2008-05-27 11:11
標(biāo)題: 構(gòu)建Nginx+PHP5.2.6(FastCGI)的Web Server

安裝環(huán)境
硬件: PC i386/Celeron 1.7 + 512M RAM + 40G HDD
系統(tǒng): Debian 4.0 r3 (2.6.18-6-686) Minimal Install

軟件列表
freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
libpng-1.2.20.tar.gz
libtool-2.2.tar.gz
libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
mcrypt-2.6.6.tar.gz
memcache-2.2.1.tgz
mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz
pcre-7.2.tar.gz
php-5.2.6.tar.gz
spawn-fcgi
zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
全部所需軟件包下載
安裝前的準(zhǔn)備工作
安裝必要工具
apt-get install gcc libc6-dev
autoconf build-essential libncurses5-dev ntpdate

設(shè)置時間
tzselect
按照提示進(jìn)行選擇時區(qū)，然后
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/ShangHai /etc/localtime
ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

mkdir -p /data/software/pkg
cd /data/software

安裝PHP 5.2.6（FastCGI模式）
編譯安裝PHP 5.2.6所需的支持庫
cd pkg
tar zxvf ../libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.11/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ../freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.5/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ../zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3/
CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC" ./configure
make && make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ../libpng-1.2.20.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.20/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ../jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b/
./configure --enable-static --enable-shared
make && make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ../libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.6.30/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ../libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make && make install
cd ../../

tar ../zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

tar zxvf ../mcrypt-2.6.6.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.6/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

編譯安裝MySQL 5.0.45
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf ../mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --without-debug --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8 --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../

附：以下為附加步驟，如果你想在這臺服務(wù)器上運(yùn)行MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫，則執(zhí)行以下兩步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴(kuò)展庫，能夠連接其他服務(wù)器上的MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫，那么，以下兩步無需執(zhí)行。
以mysql用戶帳號的身份建立數(shù)據(jù)表：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

啟動MySQL（最后的&表示在后臺運(yùn)行）
/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf &

編譯安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf ../php-5.2.6.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.5/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt
sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../

編譯安裝PHP5擴(kuò)展模塊
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.1.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.1/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

cd php-5.2.6/ext/gd/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-ttf --with-freetype-dir --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../../../

修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下幾行，然后保存：
　extension = "memcache.so"
　extension = "gd.so"

自動修改：若嫌手工修改麻煩，可執(zhí)行以下shell命令，自動完成對php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "gd.so"\n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

創(chuàng)建www用戶和組，以及其使用的目錄：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data/website
chmod +w /data/website
chown -R www:www /data/website

安裝lighttpd中附帶的spawn-fcgi，用來啟動php-cgi
注：壓縮包中的spawn-fcgi程序為已經(jīng)編譯成二進(jìn)制的版本。
cp spawn-fcgi /usr/local/php/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/php/bin/spawn-fcgi

啟動php-cgi進(jìn)程，監(jiān)聽127.0.0.1的10080端口，進(jìn)程數(shù)為64（如果服務(wù)器內(nèi)存小于3GB，可以只開啟25個進(jìn)程），用戶為www：
/usr/local/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi

安裝Nginx 0.6.31
安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
tar zxvf pcre-7.2.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.2/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

安裝Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.6.31/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
cd ../

創(chuàng)建Nginx日志目錄
mkdir -p /data/logs
chmod +w /data/logs
chown -R www:www /data/logs

創(chuàng)建Nginx配置文件
在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目錄中創(chuàng)建nginx.conf文件：
mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下內(nèi)容：
user  www www;

worker_processes 10;

error_log  /data/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

#pid       logs/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
   use epoll;

   worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
   include    conf/mime.types;
   default_type  application/octet-stream;

   charset  gb2312;

   server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

   #sendfile on;
   #tcp_nopush    on;

   keepalive_timeout 60;

   tcp_nodelay on;

   gzip on;
   gzip_min_length  1k;
   gzip_buffers    4 8k;
   gzip_http_version 1.1;
   gzip_types    text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml;

   server
   {
            listen    80;
            server_name  domain.com;
            index index.html index.htm index.php;
            root  /data/website;

            if (-d $request_filename)
            {
                  rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
            }

            location ~ .*\.php?$
            {
               include conf/fcgi.conf;
               fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:10080;
               fastcgi_index index.php;
            }

            log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                                 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                                 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
            access_log  /data/logs/access.log  access;
   }

   server
   {
            listen  80;
            server_name  1.domain.com;

            location / {
               stub_status on;
               access_log off;
            }
   }
}

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目錄中創(chuàng)建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
輸入以下內(nèi)容：
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING    $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD    $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE    $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH    $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME       $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI       $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI    $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT    $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR       $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT       $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR       $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT       $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME       $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
#fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

配置開機(jī)自動啟動Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下內(nèi)容：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

優(yōu)化Linux內(nèi)核參數(shù)
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下內(nèi)容：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000

使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p

在不停止Nginx服務(wù)的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，請執(zhí)行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進(jìn)程號：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進(jìn)程號，例如：
6302
這時，執(zhí)行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
如需停止nginx:
kill -15 6302
參考文檔
Nginx 0.5.33 + PHP 5.2.5（FastCGI）搭建勝過Apache 10倍的Web服務(wù)器（第2版）

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